Having the Foggiest Idea: A Gradual Account on Mental Images

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7254024

Abstract

First described by Galton in 1880 and then remaining unnoticed for a century, recent investigations in neuroscience have shown that a condition called aphantasia appears in certain individuals, which causes them to be unable to experience visual mental imagery. Comparing aphantasia to hyperphantasia – i.e., photo-like memory – and considering the neurological basis of perceptual phenomena, we are revisiting Hume's division of perceptions into impressions and ideas. By showing different vivacities of mental phenomena and comparing them to neurological research, we are stating that not only impressions and ideas differ "in the degrees of force and liveliness", but ideas and impressions amongst themselves as well. Such a gradual range of perceptions and mental images bears significant consequences for not only representational theory and historical interpretations but linguistics and semiotics as well.

Keywords:

aphantasia, mental images, hyperphantasia, impressions, signified

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Aldrich MS, Alessi AG, Beck RW, Gilman S. Cortical Blindness: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Prognosis. Annals of Neurology 1987; 21: 149–158.

Brewer WF and Schommer-Aikins M. Scientists Are Not Deficient in Mental Imagery: Galton revised. Review of General Psychology Review of General Psychology 2006; 10: 130–146.

Broughton, J. Impressions and Ideas. In Traiger S (ed.), The Blackwell Guide to Hume’s Treatise. Malden/Oxford/Carlton: Blackwell Publishing, 2006, pp. 43–58.

Chambers D and Reisberg D. Can Mental Images Be Ambiguous?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 1985; 11: 317–328.

Chang S and Pearson J. The Functional Effects of Voluntary and Involuntary Phantom Color on Conscious Awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology 2020; 149: 1006–1016.

Farah MJ. The Neurological Basis of Mental Imagery: A Componential Analysis. Cognition 1984; 18: 245–272.

Fulford J, Milton, F, Salas D, Smith A, Simler A, Winloveand C, Zeman A. The Neural Correlates of Visual Imagery Vividness – An fMRI Study and Literature Review. Cortex 2018; 105: 26–40.

Galton F. Statistics of Mental Imagery. Mind 1880; 19: 301–318.

Hjelmslev L. Prolegomena to a Theory of Language. University of Wisconsin Press, 1961 (1943).

Hume D. A Treatise of Human Nature: Being an Attempt to Introduce the Experimental Method of Reasoning into Moral Subjects. Oxford University Press, 2004 (1739).

Kosslyn SM, Thompson WL and Ganis G. The Case for Mental Imagery. Oxford University Press, 2006.

Kosslyn SM. Image and Mind. Harvard University Press. 1980.

McGinn C. Mindsight: Image, Dream, Meaning. Harvard University Press, 2004.

Ogden CK and Richards IA. The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism. Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1943 (1923).

Pearson J and Westbrook F. Phantom Perception: Voluntary and Involuntary Nonretinal Vision. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2015; 19: 278–284.

Pearson J. The Human Imagination: The Cognitive Neuroscience of Visual Mental Imagery. Neuroscience 2019; 20: 624–634.

Pylyshyn ZW. What the Mind's Eye Tells the Mind's Brain: A Critique of Mental Imagery. Psychological Bulletin 1973; 80: 1–25.

Rademaker R and Pearson J. Training Visual Imagery: Improvements of Metacognition, but not Imagery Strength. Frontiers in Psychology 2012; 10: 224.

Russell B. Analysis of Mind. Allen and Unwin, 1921.

Saussure F de, Course in General Linguistics McGraw-Hill, 1959 (1916).

Savage CW. The Continuity of Perceptual and Cognitive Experiences. In Siegel RKS and West LJ (eds.), Hallucinations: Behavior, Experience, and Theory, New York: Wiley, 1975, pp. 257–286.

Thomas NJT. Imagery and the coherence of imagination: a critique of White. Journal of Philosophical Research 1997; 22: 95–127.

Thomas NJT. Mental Imagery. In Zalta EN (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Summer 2019 Edition, Stanford University, 2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/mental-imagery.

Thorudottir S, Sigurdardottir HM, Rice GE, Kerry SJ, Robotham RJ, Leff AP, Starrfelt R. The Architect Who Lost the Ability to Imagine: The Cerebral Basis of Visual Imagery. Brain Sciences 2020; 10: 59.

Vito S de and Bartolomeo P. Refusing to Imagine? On the Possibility of Psychogenic Aphantasia. A Commentary on Zeman et al., (2015). Cortex 2016; 74: 334–335.

Weiskrantz L, Warrington E, Sanders M, Marshall J. Visual Capacity in the Hemianopic Field Following a Restricted Occipital Ablation. Brain 1974; 97: 709–728.

Weiskrantz L. Outlooks for Blindsight: Explicit Methodologies for Implicit Processes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 1990; 239: 247–278.

Zeman AZ, Della Sala S, Torrens LA, Gountouna VE, McGonigle DJ, Logie RH. Loss Of Imagery Phenomenology with Intact Visuo-Spatial Task Performance: A Case of ‘Blind Imagination’. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48: 145–155.

Zeman AZ, Dewar M and Della Sala S. Reflections on Aphantasia. Cortex 2016; 74: 336–337.

Zeman AZ, Dewar M, and Della Sala S. Lives without Imagery – Congenital Aphantasia. Cortex 2015; 73: 378–380.

Published

26.10.2022

How to Cite

Šekrst, K. (2022). Having the Foggiest Idea: A Gradual Account on Mental Images. Journal of NeuroPhilosophy, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7254024

Issue

Section

Research Articles

Categories